Trial reportInternational ophthalmology2026
Vitamin E TPGS-enhanced riboflavin accelerated transepithelial cross-linking versus accelerated epithelium-off protocol in progressive keratoconus: a prospective randomized trial.
Trial report in International ophthalmology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
purposeTo compare the efficacy and safety of accelerated transepithelial (epi-on) corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) using a Vitamin E D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS)-enhanced riboflavin formulation with an accelerated epithelium-off (epi-off) CXL protocol in progressive keratoconus.
designProspective randomized comparative clinical trial.
methodsFifty eyes of fifty patients aged 12-35 years with documented progressive keratoconus were randomized (1:1). In the epi-on group, 0.1% riboflavin enhanced with Vitamin E TPGS was used followed by UVA irradiation at 9 mW/cm
resultsBoth groups showed significant improvement in UDVA/CDVA and significant flattening of keratometric parameters at 12 months (all intragroup p < 0.001). Mean corneal thickness behavior differed between groups, with relative pachymetric preservation in the epi-on arm compared with thinning in the epi-off arm (intergroup p < 0.05). Demarcation line depth was deeper in the epi-off arm (p < 0.001). No sight-threatening complications, endothelial decompensation, or sustained IOP elevation were observed in either group.
conclusionsAt 12 months, accelerated transepithelial CXL using a Vitamin E TPGS-enhanced riboflavin formulation demonstrated visual and tomographic stabilization comparable to accelerated epi-off CXL. CLINICAL
trial registrationCTRI /2024/06/069279.
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