ArticleCurrent microbiology2026
Synergistic Immunoenhancement of Recombinant PBP2a Vaccine Candidate by Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles and MF59 Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus.
Article in Current microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus remains a major global health concern due to its resistance to β-lactam and multiple other classes of antibiotics. Herein, we evaluated a recombinant penicillin-binding protein 2a (r-PBP2a) vaccine candidate formulated with biogenic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and the MF59 adjuvant. While r-PBP2a was purified under denaturing conditions and subsequently refolded for use as an immunogen, biogenic selenium nanoparticles were prepared and characterized in terms of morphology, charge, and safety. Female BALB/c mice were assigned to experimental groups and immunized subcutaneously with formulations containing r-PBP2a+ SeNPs+ MF59, or r-PBP2a with MF59 alone. Control mice received sterile PBS or SeNPs + MF59. Booster vaccinations were performed on days 14 and 28. Serum samples were collected two weeks after final immunization for immunological evaluations, including ELISA-based quantification of total IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a, as well as cytokine levels (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-12). Opsonophagocytic activity and protective efficacy against a lethal challenge of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus COL strain (5 × 10⁸ CFU) were also evaluated. The r-PBP2a + MF59 + SeNPs group exhibited significantly higher IgG response (p < 0.0001 at all dilutions), enhanced cytokine secretion (IFN-γ: 125.1 pg/mL, IL-12: 21.8 pg/mL, IL-4: 20.3 pg/mL; all p < 0.0001 vs. controls), and superior opsonophagocytic activity (53.5% killing at 1:2 serum dilution) compared to r-PBP2a + MF59 and control groups. Following challenge, survival reached 78.5% in the r-PBP2a + MF59 + SeNPs group, 64.2% in r-PBP2a + MF59, and 0% in the control groups (p < 0.0001). Bacterial loads in liver, spleen, and kidney were significantly reduced in the r-PBP2a + MF59 + SeNPs group compared to control groups (p < 0.0001). Ultimately, these results demonstrate that incorporation of SeNPs into MF59-adjuvanted vaccines significantly augments both humoral and cellular immunity, providing enhanced protection against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice. This formulation makes a promising vaccine candidate for further preclinical studies; however, more studies are still required.
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