ArticleLupus2026
Clinical, serological, and targeted genetic analysis of systemic lupus erythematosus in Kazakhstan.
Article in Lupus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Autoantibody repertoire in lupus nephritis: from pathogenic mechanisms to clinical integration for precision decision-making.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BackgroundSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease characterized by the production of various antibodies and immune complex-mediated injury. Limited information exists about Kazakh patients, a heterogeneous group with different clinical manifestations and potentially unique genetic basis.ObjectiveTo describe the clinical features, associated autoantibody and cytokine profile, and the frequency of rare variants in a limited panel of genes.MethodThis study enrolled 43 Kazakh individuals: 25 with SLE and 18 healthy controls. Disease activity was assessed using the SLEDAI-2K score. Laboratory tests included C3 and C4 complement components, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-5, IL-10, IL-18, IFN and antiphospholipid IgG/IgM identified by ELISA. The antinuclear factor (ANF) on HEp-2 cells was detected using indirect immunofluorescence. Specific autoantibodies were identified by immunoblotting. A custom AmpliSeq panel of 120 genes was used on the Ion Proton Sequencer.ResultsSLE patients (SLEDAI-2K = 11,48 ± 8,7) demonstrated skin lesions (88%), joint involvement (84%), lupus nephritis (56%), and hematological disorders (40% patients). Cardiac and vascular injury was each observed in 36% of patients, while involvement of nervous system, mucous membranes, and thyroid gland each occurred in 8% of cases. Immunological tests revealed positive ANF in the majority of patients (92%) with anti-dsDNA, nucleosomes, Smith, SS-A/Ro52, SS-A/Ro60, U1-snRNP, and Rib-P0 antibodies. IL-6, IL-18, IFN levels were markedly elevated in patients with SLE relative to controls (
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