Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41756947›Full record

ArticlebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology2026

Fully T2T pedigree assemblies reveal genetic stability and epigenetic plasticity of human centromeres across inheritance and cell-fate transitions.

Shihua Dong, Xiaoyun Xing, Monika Cechova, Hailey Loucks, Selvamani Vijayalingam, Amber Neilson, Monica Sentmanat, Juan Macias, Tianjie Liu, Zheng Dong and 10 more

Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraph

Article in bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Shihua DongDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Xiaoyun XingDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Monika CechovaUC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-7420-2663
Hailey LoucksUC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.ORCID 0009-0000-6956-9922
Selvamani VijayalingamGenome Engineering & Stem Cell Center (GESC@MGI), Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Amber NeilsonGenome Engineering & Stem Cell Center (GESC@MGI), Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Monica SentmanatGenome Engineering & Stem Cell Center (GESC@MGI), Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Juan MaciasDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2827-4647
Tianjie LiuDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Zheng DongDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2850-0002
Benpeng MiaoDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Wenjin ZhangDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Chad TomlinsonMcDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9905-6159
Heather SchmidtDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Edward A BelterMcDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0009-0009-9083-8918
Ming HuDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0987-2916
Xiaoxia CuiGenome Engineering & Stem Cell Center (GESC@MGI), Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Nathan O StitzielDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4963-8211
Karen H MigaUC Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9709-4565
Ting WangDepartment of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.

Funding

The WashU-UCSC-EBI Human Genome Reference Center."U41HG010972 · NHGRI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Ting Wang · 2019 to 2026
$24.9M
ELSI Administrative Supplement - Center for Human Reference Genome DiversityU01HG010971 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ · PI EICHLER, EVAN, JARVIS, ERICH D · 2019 to 2023
$18.4M
WashU-Northwestern Genomic Variation and Function Data and Administrative Coordinating CenterU24HG012070 · NHGRI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Ting Wang, Feng Yue · 2021 to 2026
$9.7M
Center for Human Genome Reference DiversityUM1HG010971 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ · PI Robert Mullan Cook-Deegan, Evan Eichler · 2024 to 2026
$8.6M
DECODING THE IMPACT OF TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS ON GENE REGULATIONR01HG007175 · NHGRI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI WANG, TING · 2014 to 2021
$2.7M
Model-based methods for single cell chromatin interactomic dataR35HG011922 · NHGRI · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · PI HU, MING · 2021 to 2025
$2.4M
NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG007175NHGRI NIH HHS R35 HG011922NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG010971NHGRI NIH HHS U24 HG012070NHGRI NIH HHS U41 HG010972NHGRI NIH HHS UM1 HG010971
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Centromeres are essential chromosome components yet remain poorly understood due to their highly repetitive sequence architecture. Using fully-phased telomere-to-telomere diploid assemblies from a three-generation pedigree integrated with long-read epigenomes from matched peripheral blood mononuclear cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and neural progenitor cells, we generate allele-resolved single basepair resolution maps of centromere genetic and epigenetic dynamics across inheritance, reprogramming, and differentiation. We show that centromeric dip regions (CDRs), which define the functional core of centromeres, are positionally stable across generations and cell-fate transitions. In contrast, CDR epigenetic architecture is highly dynamic. Reprogramming markedly attenuates CDR hypomethylation, which is partially restored during differentiation in parallel with global hypomethylation of active alpha-satellite arrays and coordinated changes in nucleosome organization and protein occupancy. Centromeric remodeling is insulated from X-chromosome status, including Xa, Xi, and erosion. Finally, de novo mutations arising during reprogramming are enriched in centromeric regions but depleted within functional centromeric cores.

Indexed as

Centromerecentromeric dip region (CDR)de novo mutationDNA methylationepigenetic inheritanceFiber-seqhigher-order repeats (HOR)induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)neural differentiationtelomere-to-telomere assembly (T2T)X-chromosome inactivationα-satellite

Identifiers

PMID41756947
PMCPMC12934683

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.