ArticleFrontiers in oncology2026
Developing an interpretable clinical-radiomics machine learning model using whole transition zone MRI analysis for improving diagnosis of transition zone prostate cancer.
Article in Frontiers in oncology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objectives: Transition zone prostate cancer (TZ-PCa) presents significant diagnostic challenges due to overlapping imaging features with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This study aimed to develop and externally validate an interpretable clinical-radiomics model that integrates biparametric MRI (bp-MRI; T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)) features with clinical variables to improve the diagnostic accuracy of TZ-PCa. Methods: A total of 280 pathologically confirmed cases from two institutions were retrospectively analyzed. Patients from Center A (n=203) were divided into a training set (n=142) and an internal validation set (n=61), while patients from Center B (n=77) constituted an external validation set. The whole transitional zone on the slice corresponding to the tumor's largest diameter was delineated as a single-slice region-of-interest (ROI). Radiomics features were extracted and used to train six machine learning algorithms to construct single-sequence (T2WI or ADC) and combined-sequence (ADC+T2WI) models. The best radiomics model was then combined with independent clinical characteristics to construct a clinical-radiomics model. Model performance was evaluated by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis, and clinical utility was assessed with calibration and decision curve analyses (DCA). The interpretability of the optimal model was further examined using Shapley Additive Explanation (SHAP). Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified PI-RADS score (odds ratio (OR)=3.47, 95%CI 1.90~6.35, Conclusion: The proposed clinical-radiomics model demonstrated the best diagnostic performance for differentiating TZ-PCa from BPH across bio-centers. Combining the SHAP algorithm with the model enhances interpretability and may assist clinicians in making more precise diagnostic and treatment decisions.
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