ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2026
Clinical Presentation, Risk Factors and Outcome of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Infection in Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation: A Multinational Case-Control Study.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: The clinical and microbiological features of infection due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) remain poorly understood. Methods: We performed a retrospective, multinational case-control study that included HSCT recipients (≥12 years) diagnosed with NTM disease between January 2008 and December 2018. Controls were HSCT recipients with no evidence of NTM disease, matched (1:2 ratio) by participating center and post-transplant survival. Logistic regression on matched pairs was used to investigate risk factors for NTM disease. Results: We included 25 cases of NTM disease. The most common HSCT type was allogeneic from unrelated donor (72.0%) after myeloablative conditioning (76.0%). Predominant hematological conditions were acute myelogenous leukemia (28.0%) and myelodysplastic syndrome (24.0%). Most patients (88.0%) had previously received immunosuppressive therapy. The most common species identified were Conclusions: NTM disease is a serious complication among heavily immunocompromised HSCT recipients associated with prior non-NTM infection and corticosteroid therapy.
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