ArticlePain research & management2026
Effects of Contact-Heat Stimulation Intensity on the Reliability of Subjective Pain Rating of Individuals With Different Heat Tolerance.
Article in Pain research & management, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Effects of Contact-Heat Stimulation Intensity on the Reliability of Subjective Pain Rating of Individuals With Different Heat Tolerance.Pain research & management · 2026Article
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2 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Studies revealed that contact-heat stimulations mediate pain perception due to temporal summation of second pain (TSSP). How heat intensity affects the reliability of the pain rating of individuals with different heat tolerance is not well examined. This study investigated (1) the influence of the preceding contact-heat stimuli with different levels of intensity on the reliability of subjective pain rating and (2) the differences in reliability of subjective pain rating of participants with high and low sensory sensitivity or heat tolerance. Method: Participants with intact sensory function were divided into (1) high ( Results: Findings revealed that high heat-tolerance group results had lower intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) when contact-heat stimuli were preceded by another with higher intensity (ICC = 0.551-0.747) compared to those preceded by lower intensity (ICC = 0.724-0.818). In contrast, the ICCs of the low heat-tolerance group were found to be relatively higher regardless of heat intensity (ICC = 0.595-0.806). Conclusions: The TSSP effect reflected by lower pain rating reliability appears to be induced in the high heat-tolerance group when a contact-heat stimulation is preceded by another stimulation with higher intensity but with the same duration. This is possibly due to the longer offset time of contact-heat stimulations with higher intensity, and also the top-down modulatory effects in this high heat-tolerance group. Further electrophysiological studies would be needed to investigate the underlying neural processes of TSSP in individuals with different heat tolerance.
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