Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41755910›Full record

ArticlePCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences2026

The relationship between depression, anxiety, and disability in patients with multiple sclerosis: A cross-sectional study from western Iran.

Nazanin Razazian, Mohamad Safaei, Fayeq Bazyar, Dariush Afshari, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi, Milad MohamadYari, Mansour Rezaei, Negin Fakhri, Kianoosh Khamooshian

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Article in PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Nazanin RazazianNeuroscience Research Center, Health Institute Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran.
Mohamad SafaeiClinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran.
Fayeq BazyarClinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran.
Dariush AfshariNeuroscience Research Center, Health Institute Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran.
Sharareh EskandariehMultiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.
Abdorreza Naser MoghadasiMultiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.
Milad MohamadYariClinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5157-8898
Mansour RezaeiSocial Development and Health Promotion Research Center Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran.
Negin FakhriNeuroscience Research Center, Health Institute Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran.
Kianoosh KhamooshianClinic of Multiple Sclerosis, Imam Reza Hospital Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Kermanshah Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system often accompanied by psychological comorbidities such as depression and anxiety, which may aggravate physical disability. This study aimed to assess the relationship between depression, anxiety, and disability among patients with MS in western Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 180 MS patients attending the Boustan MS Clinic in Kermanshah, Iran. Participants completed the Persian versions of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Disability was evaluated using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation and stepwise multiple regression. Results: The mean age of participants was 41.33 ± 9.09 years, and 75% were female. The mean EDSS score was 3.28 ± 1.56, BDI score 19.87 ± 10.21, and BAI score 13.28 ± 9.96. Depression and anxiety were significantly correlated with disability ( Conclusion: Depression and anxiety are common and strongly associated with greater physical disability in MS patients. Integrating psychological assessment and intervention into MS management may help improve functional outcomes and quality of life.

Indexed as

anxietycross‐sectional studiesdepressiondisability evaluationIranmultiple sclerosispsychological distress

Identifiers

PMID41755910
PMCPMC12933253

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