Double jeopardy: conflict and natural disasters-driven cholera outbreaks in Sudan.

Rana Osman, Arwa Mohamed, Damilare Akintunde, Alexander Habtemariam, Gorashey Ahmed, Iyas Dawood, Rawa Badri

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in International health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Rana OsmanResearch and Development, End the Neglect Initiative, Khartoum 1111, Sudan.ORCID 0009-0006-7425-6887

Arwa MohamedResearch and Development, End the Neglect Initiative, Khartoum 1111, Sudan.

Damilare AkintundeResearch and Development, End the Neglect Initiative, Khartoum 1111, Sudan.

Alexander HabtemariamResearch and Development, End the Neglect Initiative, Khartoum 1111, Sudan.

Gorashey AhmedResearch and Development, End the Neglect Initiative, Khartoum 1111, Sudan.

Iyas DawoodResearch and Development, End the Neglect Initiative, Khartoum 1111, Sudan.ORCID 0000-0002-4272-458X

Rawa BadriResearch and Development, End the Neglect Initiative, Khartoum 1111, Sudan.ORCID 0000-0002-2343-4982

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cholera continues to be a global threat, particularly in regions affected by conflict and environmental shocks, such as Sudan. Such humanitarian crises disrupt sanitation, water, and health systems, exacerbating cholera transmission. Overcrowded camps from displacement, poor hygiene, and weak surveillance further contribute to the outbreaks even beyond national borders. This paper explores armed conflict-driven crises and population movement as epidemiological drivers of cholera. It highlights the critical need for integrated, multisectoral strategies combining vaccination, water, sanitation, and hygiene infrastructure, and early detection systems. The interventions are necessary for mitigating outbreaks and building long-term resilience in such fragile settings.

Indexed as

Armed ConflictsCholeraDisastersDisease OutbreaksHumansHygieneSanitationSudancholeraconflicthygieneoutbreaksanitationvaccine

Identifiers

PMID41755621

DOI10.1093/inthealth/ihag009

PMCPMC13329960

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.