Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41755561›Full record

ArticleActas espanolas de psiquiatria2026

Predictors of Quality of Life in Parkinson's Disease: The Role of Mental Health and Internalized Stigma.

Ana Fresan, Adriana Ochoa-Morales, Miguel Ángel Ramírez-García, Mireya Chávez-Oliveros, Aurelio Jara-Prado, Jorge Luis Guerrero-Camacho, David José Dávila-Ortiz de Montellano

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Actas espanolas de psiquiatria, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ana FresanBiomedical Research in Mental Health Directorate, Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz National Institute of Psychiatry, 14370 CDMX, Mexico.
Adriana Ochoa-MoralesNational Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269 CDMX, Mexico.
Miguel Ángel Ramírez-GarcíaNational Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269 CDMX, Mexico.
Mireya Chávez-OliverosNational Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269 CDMX, Mexico.
Aurelio Jara-PradoNational Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269 CDMX, Mexico.
Jorge Luis Guerrero-CamachoNational Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269 CDMX, Mexico.
David José Dávila-Ortiz de MontellanoNational Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269 CDMX, Mexico.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that negatively affects the well-being of both patients and their caregivers. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify factors associated with quality of life (QoL) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PPD) and caregiver burden in their primary caregivers (PCG).

methodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study at a tertiary neurological center in Mexico. Assessments included the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39); motor severity with the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III (MDS-UPDRS III); cognition with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); depressive and anxiety symptoms with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7); and internalized stigma with the King Internalized Stigma Scale (ISS). Caregiver burden was measured with the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI).

resultsWe included 48 PPD (58.3% male) and 38 PCG (55.3% female). Mean disease duration was 7.3 years [standard deviations (SD) = 4.6; range 1-26 years]. Among PPD, 97.9% were on dopaminergic replacement therapy and 43.8% reported comorbidities. Anxiety severity differed between groups (χ2 = 11.7, p = 0.008). No between-group differences were observed in internalized stigma (ISS total score and subdomains). A significant discrepancy emerged regarding assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs), reported by 63.2% of PCG versus 20.8% of PPD (p < 0.001). Linear regression models showed that poorer QoL in PPD was associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms and motor severity (MDS-UPDRS III) (R2 = 0.47). Caregiver burden in PCG was associated with depressive symptoms and perceived discrimination (ISS subdomain) (R2 = 0.53).

conclusionsComprehensive PD management, beyond motor control, should incorporate the evaluation and support of mental health, alongside stigma-reduction strategies, to enhance the well-being of both PPD and their PCG.

Indexed as

CaregiversMental HealthParkinson DiseaseQuality of LifeSocial StigmaAgedCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle Aged

Identifiers

PMID41755561
PMCPMC12946725

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.