Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41755221›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026

A Scalable Microservices Architecture for Condition Monitoring and State-of-Health Tracking in Power Conversion Systems.

José M García-Campos, Abraham M Alcaide, A Letrado-Castellanos, Ramon Portillo, Jose I Leon

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

José M García-CamposDepartment of Telematics Engineering, University of Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8989-6920
Abraham M AlcaideDepartment of Electronic Engineering, University of Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-1647-7527
A Letrado-CastellanosDepartment of Electronic Engineering, University of Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.ORCID 0009-0007-3331-9746
Ramon PortilloDepartment of Electronic Engineering, University of Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-6453-8617
Jose I LeonDepartment of Electronic Engineering, University of Sevilla, 41092 Sevilla, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5760-8066

Funding

Junta de Andalucía - Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación 2024-31824 - 677 1828102303Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades PID2023-152292OB-I00Shanghai Partner Research Program 25HB2705900
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The role of power converters in modern electrical infrastructure (such as electric vehicle charging stations, battery energy storage systems and photovoltaic energy systems) has become critical. Given the high reliability required by these converters, continuous condition monitoring for predictive maintenance is mandatory. Traditional SCADA and HMI systems often face scalability bottlenecks and lack the flexibility in data aggregation and storage scalability required for long-term predictive maintenance. This paper proposes a scalable, containerized microservices-based architecture for degradation tracking and State-of-Health (SoH) monitoring in power conversion systems. The architecture features a decoupled four-layer structure, utilizing dedicated UDP servers for low-latency data ingestion, RabbitMQ (AMQP) for robust message routing, and a NoSQL (MongoDB) storage layer with a FastAPI interface. The proposed system was validated using a Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) setup with a Typhoon HIL606 simulator monitoring an Active Neutral Point Clamped (ANPC) power converter. Experimental stress tests demonstrated a Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) of 1.0 at ingestion rates up to 100 messages per second (msgs/s) per node. The system exhibits transmission and processing overheads consistently below 5 ms, ensuring timely data availability for tracking thermal dynamics and parametric aging trends. This operational performance significantly exceeds the nominal requirement of 2 msgs/s for condition monitoring, ensuring robust data integrity. Finally, this modular approach provides the horizontal scalability necessary for Industry 4.0 integration, offering a high-performance framework for long-term health monitoring in modern power electronics.

Indexed as

condition monitoringHardware-in-the-LoopIndustry 4.0microservicespower converterspredictive maintenance (PdM)scalabilityState-of-Health (SoH)

Identifiers

PMID41755221
PMCPMC12944042

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.