Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41755157›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Utilizing an Augmented Reality Headset to Accurately Quantify Lower Extremity Function in Parkinson's Disease.

Andrew Bazyk, Colin Waltz, Ryan D Kaya, Eric Zimmerman, Joshua D Johnston, Benjamin L Walter, Anson B Rosenfeldt, Mandy Miller Koop, Jay L Alberts

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Andrew BazykCenter for Neurological Restoration, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-3021-7605
Colin WaltzDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.ORCID 0009-0000-8598-4341
Ryan D KayaCenter for Neurological Restoration, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Eric ZimmermanCenter for Neurological Restoration, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Joshua D JohnstonDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Benjamin L WalterCenter for Neurological Restoration, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8323-6873
Anson B RosenfeldtDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5468-8208
Mandy Miller KoopDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3047-8091
Jay L AlbertsCenter for Neurological Restoration, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.

Funding

Comprehensive Augmented Reality Testing (CART) Platform for Parkinson’s diseaseR01NS129115 · NINDS · CLEVELAND CLINIC LERNER COM-CWRU · PI JAY L. ALBERTS, Mandy Miller Koop · 2022 to 2026
$3.0M
NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS129115NINDS NIH HHS R01NS129115-02
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Subjective, imprecise evaluation of lower extremity function hinders the effective treatment of gait impairments in Parkinson's disease (PD). Markerless motion capture (MMC) offers opportunities for integrating objective biomechanical outcomes into clinical practice. However, validation of MMC biomechanical outcomes is necessary for clinical adoption of MMC technologies. This project evaluated the criterion validity of a custom MMC algorithm (CART-MMC) against gold-standard 3D motion capture (Traditional-MC) and its known-groups validity in differentiating PD from healthy controls (HC). Sixty-two individuals with PD and 29 HCs completed a stepping in place paradigm. The trials were recorded by an augmented reality headset with embedded RGB and depth cameras. The CART-MMC algorithm was used to reconstruct a 3D pose model and compute biomechanical measures of lower extremity performance. CART-MMC outcomes were statistically equivalent, within 5% of Traditional-MC, for measures of step count, cadence, duration, height, height asymmetry, and normalized path length. CART-MMC captured significant between-group differences in step height, height variability, height asymmetry, duration variability, and normalized path length. In conclusion, CART-MMC provides valid biomechanical outcomes that characterize important domains of PD lower extremity function. Validated biomechanical evaluation tools present opportunities for tracking subtle changes in disease progression, informing targeted therapy, and monitoring treatment efficacy.

Indexed as

Augmented RealityLower ExtremityParkinson DiseaseAgedAlgorithmsBiomechanical PhenomenaFemaleGaitHumansMaleMiddle AgedMotion Captureaugmented realitygait biomechanicsmarkerless motion captureParkinson’s diseasestepping in place

Identifiers

PMID41755157
PMCPMC12944520

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.