High-Fidelity Modeling of Laser Levels via Pulse-Window Software Lock-In PSD Sensing.

Shudong Zhuang, Jiale Sun, Rugao He, Ying Zou, Libin Li, Yu Wan, Ao Sheng

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Shudong ZhuangCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou 213251, China.

Jiale SunCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou 213251, China.

Rugao HeLaisai Laser Technology Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213100, China.

Ying ZouCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou 213251, China.

Libin LiCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou 213251, China.

Yu WanCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou 213251, China.

Ao ShengCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou 213251, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Accurate identification of dynamic parameters, specifically natural frequency and damping ratio, is critical for optimizing the disturbance rejection performance of laser level self-leveling mechanisms. However, traditional Finite Element Analysis (FEA) often struggles to quantify micro-friction damping, while contact measurement methods introduce added mass interference. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an integrated framework combining Pulse-Window Software Lock-in (PWSL) sensing with a data-driven model updating strategy. Initially, a rigid-body dynamic model theoretically predicted a natural frequency (

Indexed as

dynamic identificationhigh-fidelity modelinglaser levelPSD sensingsoftware lock-in detection

Identifiers

PMID41755127

DOI10.3390/s26041180

PMCPMC12943928

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.