Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41754089›Full record

ReviewNutrients2026

Efficacy and Safety of Glutathione Supplementation in Patients with HIV Infection and HIV-Tuberculosis Co-Infection.

John Dawi, Scarlet Affa, Stefanie Au, Yura Misakyan, Edgar Gonzalez, Abraham Chorbajian, Mary Hammi, Priyanka Dave, Kyla Qumsieh, Vishwanath Venketaraman

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nutrients, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

John DawiCollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.ORCID 0009-0002-1860-3697
Scarlet AffaDepartment of Biochemistry and Chemistry, The College of UCLA, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Stefanie AuCollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Yura MisakyanCollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Edgar GonzalezCollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Abraham ChorbajianCollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Mary HammiCollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Priyanka DaveCollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Kyla QumsiehCollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
Vishwanath VenketaramanCollege of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2586-1160

Funding

Glutathione depletion in the CNS and its effects on Mtb infectionR15HL143545 · NHLBI · WESTERN UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES · PI VENKETARAMAN, VISHWANATH · 2019 to 2024
$852k
NHLBI NIH HHS R15 HL143545
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glutathione (GSH), the most abundant intracellular non-protein thiol, is a central regulator F redox homeostasis, immune function, and mitochondrial integrity. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, persistent oxidative stress and impaired precursor availability result in sustained glutathione deficiency, contributing to immune dysfunction, inflammation, and disease progression despite effective antiretroviral therapy. This redox imbalance is further exacerbated in HIV-tuberculosis co-infection, where compounded inflammatory and metabolic stress increases susceptibility to opportunistic infections and treatment-related complications. This review examines the efficacy and safety of glutathione supplementation and precursor-based strategies in HIV infection and HIV-tuberculosis co-infection. Evidence from mechanistic studies, clinical trials, and translational research suggests that glutathione repletion, achieved through direct supplementation or precursor approaches such as

Indexed as

CoinfectionDietary SupplementsGlutathioneHIV InfectionsTuberculosisAcetylcysteineHumansOxidative StressAcetylcysteineGlutathioneglutathioneHIV infectionNACoxidative stresstuberculosis (TB)

Identifiers

PMID41754089
PMCPMC12943115

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.