Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41754081›Full record

ReviewNutrients2026

Nutritional Interventions in Type 1 Diabetes: Boosting Residual GLP-1 Responses-Is It an Option?

Maria Grammatiki, Xanthippi Tsekmekidou, Theocharis Koufakis, Kalliopi Kotsa

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nutrients, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Maria GrammatikiDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, PC, Greece.
Xanthippi TsekmekidouDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, PC, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-1879-856X
Theocharis KoufakisSecond Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, PC, Greece; thkoyfak@auth.gr .ORCID 0000-0002-5853-1352
Kalliopi KotsaDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Diabetes Center, First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 54636 Thessaloniki, PC, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-2376-740X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by autoimmune beta-cell destruction and lifelong insulin dependence, yet early-stage disease (Stages 1-2) retains residual beta-cell function that may still respond to incretin signaling. Incretin hormones-mainly glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)-enhance postprandial insulin secretion and suppress glucagon, and GLP-1 also exhibits beta-cell protective effects in preclinical models. Although the incretin effect is markedly reduced in established T1D, intestinal GLP-1 secretion is largely preserved, creating a mechanistic rationale for strategies that increase endogenous GLP-1 during the "residual function" window. This narrative review summarizes dietary and lifestyle interventions that may enhance endogenous GLP-1 responses and discusses their potential role as adjuncts to insulin therapy, particularly when combined with emerging beta-cell-preserving immunomodulatory approaches that may prolong early disease stages. Mechanistically, high-fiber diets may increase GLP-1 via microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids acting on L-cell receptors; low-glycemic index carbohydrates may favor distal nutrient delivery and a GLP-1-dominant incretin profile; and Mediterranean dietary patterns may promote GLP-1 secretion through unsaturated fatty acids, fiber, and polyphenols, including potential DPP-4-modulating effects. This narrative review examines nutrition and lifestyle interventions modulating residual incretins to elongate early T1D stages and enhance glycemic control as insulin adjuncts, per

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1Glucagon-Like Peptide 1AnimalsHumansIncretinsInsulinInsulin-Secreting CellsGlucagon-Like Peptide 1IncretinsInsulinGLP-1glucagon-like peptide-1glycemic indexincretin hormonesMediterranean dietnutritionshort-chain fatty acidstype 1 diabetes mellitus

Identifiers

PMID41754081
PMCPMC12943052

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.