Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41753916›Full record

ArticleMicromachines2026

Development and Characterization of Dissolving Microneedles for the Buccal Delivery of Cannabidiol (CBD).

Eleni Paganopoulou, Emmanouil Tzimtzimis, Dimitrios Tzetzis, Emmanuel Panteris, Chrysanthi Bekiari, Nikolaos Bouropoulos, Christos Cholevas, Zeeshan Ahmad, Paraskevi Kyriaki Monou, Dimitrios G Fatouros

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Micromachines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Eleni PaganopoulouDepartment of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Emmanouil TzimtzimisDigital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thermi, Greece.
Dimitrios TzetzisDigital Manufacturing and Materials Characterization Laboratory, School of Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thermi, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-5006-5759
Emmanuel PanterisDepartment of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-2360-6078
Chrysanthi BekiariFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-0600-3889
Nikolaos BouropoulosDepartment of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-3922-7515
Christos CholevasDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-1517-8691
Zeeshan AhmadDivision of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK.
Paraskevi Kyriaki MonouDepartment of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-9305-8081
Dimitrios G FatourosDepartment of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study aimed to develop dissolving microneedles (MNs) for the buccal delivery of cannabidiol (CBD). CBD is a non-psychotomimetic phytocannabinoid with anti-inflammatory and anxiolytic properties. The MN arrays were produced using micromolding, which has the ability of scalability. However, this approach lacks the ability to customize needle geometry; thus, additive manufacturing was implemented in the study. Digital Light Processing (DLP) printing is a promising way to produce molds with customized MN architecture. In the present study, molds were fabricated from 3D-printed MN arrays to prepare dissolving MNs for buccal administration. Polymeric needles based on Eudragit L100-55 and Eudragit RSPO were produced from reverse molds and they were evaluated regarding their physiochemical and mechanical properties, followed by in vitro and ex vivo studies using porcine buccal mucosa. Visualization studies were conducted using confocal scanning laser microscopy, whereas the membrane integrity of the porcine mucosa upon application of the MNs was assessed by histological evaluation. Our results suggest that the needles can be effectively inserted into the buccal tissue and release the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in a controlled manner. This approach offers a patient-friendly alternative to oral CBD delivery, bypassing first-pass metabolism.

Indexed as

assisted 3D printingbuccal deliverycannabidiolmicromoldingmicroneedles

Identifiers

PMID41753916
PMCPMC12943022

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.