ArticleMicroorganisms2026
Unraveling the Coevolutionary Dynamics of Phage and Bacterial Protein Warfare Occurring in the Drains of Beef-Processing Plants.
Article in Microorganisms, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Phages, the most abundant entities on Earth, exhibit a complex interplay with bacteria, especially within environmental biofilms, resulting in an ecological arms race. This study investigates the interaction between phages and bacteria in the drains of beef-processing plants using high-throughput sequencing and metagenomic analysis. Metagenomic data collected from 75 drain samples from beef-processing plants were analyzed to investigate phage-bacterial interactions. First, assembled contigs were screened to identify viral sequences, which were then taxonomically annotated to determine the viral composition, including phages. Functional annotation of these viral sequences provided information about the viral genes and their roles in bacterial interactions specifically associated with attack and counterattack of bacteria. In parallel, bacterial contigs were examined to identify genes associated with antiphage defense systems, providing insights into the strategies adapted by bacteria to resist phage infection. Taxonomic annotation of viral sequences from the bulk metagenomic data revealed the presence of phages targeting
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