ArticleMicroorganisms2026
Genetic Diversity and Excretion Kinetics of Enteroviruses Excreted by Patients with Primary Immunodeficiency in Tunisia over a Five-Year Period (2020-2024).
Article in Microorganisms, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Identification of key amino acids defining conformational neutralizing epitopes of coxsackievirus A5 using monoclonal antibody escape mutants.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enteroviruses (EVs) are small, non-enveloped RNA viruses that can cause diverse clinical outcomes, particularly severe in patients with primary immunodeficiency (PID) due to their impaired ability to clear infections. This study aimed to characterize EV excretion among 138 Tunisian PID patients over a five-year period, to identify circulating EV serotypes and assess their genetic diversity. A total of 558 stool samples were collected and analyzed by virus isolation and intratypic differentiation using RT-qPCR. Molecular typing was performed through Sanger sequencing of the VP1 region and whole genome sequencing using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method. EVs were detected in 55 stool samples from 23 patients. The excretion kinetics of EVs ranged between 30 and 946 days. Thirteen serotypes were identified, including one Poliovirus (PV) and twelve Non-Polio Enteroviruses (NPEVs), predominantly belonging to species B. Two previously unreported serotypes in Tunisia were detected: Coxsackievirus A5 (CVA5) and Echovirus type 19 (E19). In addition, five patients presented enhanced susceptibility to the excretion of successive EV serotypes, and one patient exhibited a co-infection. A possible recombination event was identified in one patient involving Coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5), Coxsackievirus A9 (CVA9) and Coxsackievirus B1 (CVB1) sequences. Phylogenetic analysis showed close genetic relationships with European, American and Asian strains. These findings underscore the dynamic nature of EV circulation and the importance of ongoing molecular surveillance to detect emerging serotypes and guide public health strategies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.