Optimization of Microbial-Induced Carbonate Precipitation Parameters for Strength, Durability, and Environmental Safety of Phosphogypsum Road Base Materials.

Peiyao Sun, Xiaodi Hu, Jiaxi He, Quantao Liu, Pan Pan

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP): mechanisms, engineering applications, and pathway to field-scale deployment - a comprehensive review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026
Review

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Peiyao SunSchool of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.

Xiaodi HuSchool of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.

Jiaxi HeWuhan Britain-China School, Wuhan 430033, China.

Quantao LiuState Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.

Pan PanSchool of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.

Funding

Technology Project of Department of Transportation of Hubei Province 2022-11-1-2

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates the mechanical properties, moisture stability, and environmental safety of microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP)-treated phosphogypsum (PG)-based mixtures (MPGT) for road base utilization. Optimal cementation solution concentrations and bacterial-to-cementation solution ratios were determined via unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California bearing ratio (CBR), and splitting tensile strength tests. Durability was compared with untreated mixtures, and enhancement mechanisms were analyzed using XRD, SEM, and FTIR. Additionally, toxicity leaching tests evaluated environmental safety. Results indicated optimal parameters of 2.0 mol/L cementation solution and a 2:1 bacterial/cementation solution ratio for maximum mechanical strength. Under these conditions, MPGT durability significantly improved compared to untreated mixtures. Mechanism analysis revealed that MICP-generated calcium carbonate coats PG particles and fills voids, enhancing strength and durability. Furthermore, F

Indexed as

mechanical propertiesmicrobial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP)moisture stabilityphosphogypsumroad basetoxicity leaching test

Identifiers

PMID41753536

DOI10.3390/ma19040817

PMCPMC12941396

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.