ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Removal of Cationic and Anionic Dyes from Aqueous Solution with Activated Biocarbons Obtained from Black Chokeberry Seeds.
Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The main objective of the work was to prepare a series of new activated biocarbons by chemical activation of black chokeberry seed and to assess their suitability for removing cationic and anionic dyes from an aqueous medium. Activation of the precursor was performed at 550 °C with orthophosphoric acid, using conventional or microwave-assisted heating. The activated biocarbons were characterized in terms of elemental composition, textural parameters, surface morphology, acid-base character of the surface, as well as electrokinetic properties. Adsorption tests were carried out against two organic compounds: methylene blue (thiazine dye of cationic character) and Congo red (azo dye of anionic character). The influence of the initial dye concentration (5-120 mg/L), temperature (20-40 °C), and solution pH (2-10) on dye removal efficiency from the liquid phase was investigated. Additionally, kinetic adsorption tests were carried out to determine the rate and mechanism of the dyes removal process. Microwave-assisted chemical activation with H
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