Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41752828›Full record

ReviewLife (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Beyond Platelet Count: Rethinking Platelet-Rich Plasma Efficacy Through Growth Factor Biology and Functional Quality.

Fábio Ramos Costa, Joseph Purita, Rubens Martins, Luyddy Pires, Ansar Mahmood, Gabriel Silva Santos, André Kruel, João Protásio Netto, José Fábio Lana

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Fábio Ramos CostaDepartment of Orthopedics, FC Sports Traumatology, Salvador 40296-210, BA, Brazil.ORCID 0009-0003-0486-8114
Joseph PuritaPUR-FORM, Boca Raton, FL 33432, USA.
Rubens MartinsMedical School, Tiradentes University Center, Maceió 57038-000, AL, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-2513-9864
Luyddy PiresDepartment of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil.ORCID 0009-0007-0725-7940
Ansar MahmoodTrauma and Orthopaedics Department, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK.
Gabriel Silva SantosDepartment of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-0549-6821
André KruelDepartment of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-7415-3953
João Protásio NettoDepartment of Orthopedics, Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), Palmas 77001-090, TO, Brazil.ORCID 0009-0005-3138-2886
José Fábio LanaDepartment of Orthopedics, Brazilian Institute of Regenerative Medicine (BIRM), Indaiatuba 13334-170, SP, Brazil.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The efficacy of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has long been associated with platelet concentration, yet clinical outcomes remain highly variable and frequently inconsistent. This review challenges the assumption that platelet count alone defines PRP efficacy, proposing instead that functional platelet quality and growth-factor bioactivity are equally critical determinants of therapeutic outcomes. Platelets act as carriers of bioactive molecules stored within alpha granules, including growth factors such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF), which orchestrate the cellular and molecular events of tissue repair. Variations in donor biology, age, metabolic status, and oxidative stress profoundly influence platelet functionality and growth-factor release. Likewise, centrifugation parameters, temperature control, and activation methods dictate whether these mediators are preserved or prematurely exhausted. Collectively, these findings reveal that platelet number alone cannot predict regenerative potency. The future of PRP standardization requires the integration of platelet quality indices, growth-factor quantification, and patient optimization protocols into clinical practice. By shifting focus from platelet enumeration to bioactivity assessment, regenerative medicine can achieve more consistent, personalized, and scientifically accurate outcomes.

Indexed as

growth factorsplatelet qualityplatelet-rich plasmaregenerative medicinestandardization

Identifiers

PMID41752828
PMCPMC12942424

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.