ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Spirofluorene-Bridged Through-Space Charge-Transfer Radicals with 1-Phenyl-1H-indole Donor.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Organic luminescent radicals with through-space charge-transfer (TSCT) excited states are attractive for optoelectronic applications, yet donor-dependent structure-property relationships remain underexplored. Here we report a new spirofluorene-bridged TSCT radical, PID-FR-TTM, employing 1-phenyl-1H-indole (PID) as the donor. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction confirms a carbon-centered TTM radical and a less bulky, more planar five-membered N-heterocycle in the donor region. PID-FR-TTM shows TSCT-type absorption and an emission at 609 nm with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 23.1% and a 90.1 ns emission lifetime in cyclohexane. Calculations indicate a TSCT-dominated excited state and a pronounced singly occupied molecular orbital-highest occupied molecular orbital (SOMO-HOMO) inversion. Notably, PID-FR-TTM exhibits markedly improved stability, including high decomposition temperatures (≈340 °C), excellent electrochemical stability, and enhanced photostability. These results provide donor-structure insights for designing high-performance TSCT radical emitters.
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