ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2026
Prevalence and Correlates of Probable Depression and Anxiety Among Homeless Individuals During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveHomeless individuals are vulnerable, and a high burden of mental health problems is suspected. We aim to identify the prevalence and key predictors of probable depression and anxiety among homeless individuals in Germany during the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. STUDY
designNationwide multicentre cross-sectional study including clinical, laboratory, and questionnaire-based data on the health of homeless individuals in Germany.
methodsData were used from the
resultsA high prevalence of probable depression (26.8% [95% CI: 23.2-30.3]) and anxiety (27.2% [95% CI: 23.7-30.7]) was found. Logistic regressions showed both probable depression and anxiety associated with being female (depression: OR 1.80 [95% CI: 1.06-3.03]; anxiety: OR: 1.69 [95% CI: 1.03-2.76]), daily use of any illegal substances (depression: OR 3.20 [95% CI: 1.87-5.49]; anxiety: OR 2.04 [95% CI: 1.21-3.45]), and fear of contracting COVID-19 (little fear, depression: OR: 1.81 [95% CI 1.01-3.23], some fear, anxiety: OR: 2.52 [95% CI: 1.31-4.83]). Probable depression was associated with longer durations of homelessness (OR: 1.004, [95% CI: 1.001-1.007].
conclusionsProbable depression and anxiety are highly prevalent in homeless individuals throughout. Key predictors may help to identify individuals in need and design targeted interventions.
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