Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41751973›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

Evolution of Pristine Emulsions and Hypothesis Explaining Their Existence.

Andrei Dukhin, Renliang Xu, Darrell Velegol

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Evolution of Pristine Emulsions and Hypothesis Explaining Their Existence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Andrei DukhinDispersion Technology Inc., 364 Adams Street, Bedford Hills, NY 10507, USA.
Renliang XuIndependent Researcher, 13084 NW 13 Street, Pembroke Pines, FL 33028, USA.
Darrell VelegolDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Penn State University, CBEB 225, University Park, PA 16802, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The term "pristine emulsion" is used for differentiating emulsions that consist of only water and oil with no surfactant from the Pickering emulsions, which are also surfactant-free but stabilized with colloidal particles. We review 22 papers dedicated to such emulsions prepared from a wide variety of liquids. We studied here the evolution of one such emulsion, hexadecane-in-water at 4% vl, over a long period of time, from days to weeks. We discovered that the droplet size grows with time, with a rate that depends on mixing conditions, which supports a coalescence hypothesis. However, this coalescence is unusual because the size reaches a certain constant value, which contradicts typical coalescence behavior. To explain this peculiarity and such emulsification in general, we employ a theoretical model that was developed for explaining pristine nano-bubble stability. We hypothesize the existence of a layer of structured water molecules at the interface, following Eastoe and Ellis (

Indexed as

WaterAlkanesColloidsEmulsionsModels, TheoreticalOilsParticle SizeSurface-Active AgentsSurface TensionAlkanesColloidsEmulsionsn-hexadecaneOilsSurface-Active AgentsWaterdielectrostatic forcedroplet sizehydrophobic interactionpristine emulsionsurface tensionzeta potential

Identifiers

PMID41751973
PMCPMC12941300

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.