ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Grasping Molecular Biology Mechanisms to Optimize Plant Resistance and Advance Microbiome Role Against Phytonematodes.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) cause big crop losses globally. Safe/reliable methods for their durable management strategies can harness various beneficial relationships among the plant immune system and related microbiomes. Molecular mechanisms basic to these relations reveal wide arrays of significant roles for plant-healthy growth. This review focuses on such relations of microbiomes to prime and immunize plants against PPNs. It also highlights molecular issues facing PPN-resistant varieties with possible solutions such as genetic breeding/engineering, grafting, PPN-antagonistic root exudates, and novel resistant cultivars. These issues call for optimal uses of various widespread groups of microbiomes. Related plant signaling hormones and transcription factors that regulate gene expression and modulate nematode-responsive genes to ease positive/negative adaptation are presented. Exploring PPN-resistance genes, their activation mechanisms, and signaling networks offers a holistic grasp of plant defense related to biotic/abiotic factors. Such factors relevant to systemic acquired resistance (SAR) via plant-microbe interactions to manage PPNs are stressed. The microbiomes can be added as inoculants and/or steering the indigenous rhizosphere ones. Consequently, SAR is mediated by the accumulation of salicylic acid and the subsequent expression of pathogenesis-related genes. To activate SAR, adequate priming and induction of plant defense against PPNs would rely on closely linked factors. They mainly include the engaged microbiome species/strains, plant genotypes, existing fauna/flora, compatibility with other involved biologicals, and methods/rates of the inoculants. To operationalize improved plant resistance and the microbiome's usage, novel actionable insights for research and field applications are necessary. Synthesis of adequate screening techniques in plant breeding would better use multiple parameters (molecular and classical ones)-based ratings for PPN-host suitability designation. Sound statistical analyses and interpretation approaches can better identify genotypes with high-level, stable resistance to PPNs than the commonly used ones. Linking molecular mechanisms to consistent field relevance can be progressed via dissemination of many advanced techniques. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has been effective in knocking out both the
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