Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41751801›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

FlowCLOc, a New Tool for Selecting the Most Appropriate Antibodies in Flow Cytometry.

Valentina Serra, Valeria Orrù, Sandra Lai, Mariano Dei, Michele Marongiu, Maria Grazia Piras, Francesca Virdis, Matteo Floris, Giuseppe Delogu, Valeria Lodde and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Valentina SerraInstitute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, 08045 Lanusei, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5782-8752
Valeria OrrùInstitute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, 08045 Lanusei, Italy.
Sandra LaiInstitute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, 08045 Lanusei, Italy.
Mariano DeiInstitute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, 08045 Lanusei, Italy.
Michele MarongiuInstitute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, 08045 Lanusei, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7289-9815
Maria Grazia PirasInstitute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, 08045 Lanusei, Italy.
Francesca VirdisInstitute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
Matteo FlorisDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4385-9336
Giuseppe DeloguDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
Valeria LoddeDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6904-1431
Mauro PalaInstitute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3165-5291
Maristella PitzalisInstitute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.
Edoardo FiorilloInstitute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, 08045 Lanusei, Italy.
Francesco CuccaInstitute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, 09042 Monserrato, Italy.

Funding

Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) under the PRIN grant 2017 Project No. 2017M9L3L8National Institutes of Health (NIH) HHSN75N95021C00012NIDA NIH HHS HHSN271201600005C
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Circulating immune cells are frequently phenotyped by flow cytometry starting from frozen samples. However, cryopreservation can affect marker expression and cell recovery. To understand which antigens are detectable and reliable after sample cryopreservation, we compared 438 antibodies measured on B, T, and NK-enriched cells and monocytes in frozen lympho-monocytes and blood with the corresponding fresh blood samples. Cryopreservation affected the expression of 283 markers in lympho-monocytes and 262 in blood, modifying them by more than 20% with respect to fresh blood. Thus, it is essential to carefully evaluate antibody performance when working with frozen samples. To maximize the usability of our results, make them publicly accessible and ready to visualize, we created a catalogue of marker expression variability before and after freezing, namely FlowCLOc. This catalogue simplifies flow cytometry panel design, reducing time-consuming preliminary tests to select the most appropriate and specific markers for staining both frozen and fresh samples.

Indexed as

AntibodiesFlow CytometryBiomarkersCryopreservationHumansImmunophenotypingMonocytesAntibodiesBiomarkerscryopreservationFlowCLOcflow cytometryfrozen bloodPBMCs

Identifiers

PMID41751801
PMCPMC12940311

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.