ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2026
Natural Killer Cell Phenotype and Function as a Predictive Factor for Treatment Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Breast Cancer Patients.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) is standard for locally advanced breast cancer (BC), yet predictors of pathological complete response (pCR) remain elusive. While Natural Killer (NK) cells are vital for anti-tumor response, their specific receptor dynamics during NST are poorly defined. This study provides a high-dimensional characterization of the peripheral NK cell landscape and immune signatures associated with therapeutic success. This prospective cohort study included 34 BC patients and 35 healthy donors (HD). Clinical characteristics were collected, and peripheral blood NK cell subsets were evaluated. We utilized high-parameter flow cytometry and unsupervised clustering (UMAP) to longitudinally track NK cell phenotypes (NKG2D, DNAM-1, PD-1, TIGIT) pre- and post-NST. NK cell cytotoxicity was evaluated, and serum levels of related IL-17A (interleukin), IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), Fas, sFasL, IFN-γ (interferon-gamma), and Granzyme A were analyzed. Patients exhibited distinct NK cell profiles according to the pathological response. Only 12 BC patients achieved pCR. These patients showed improved NK cell cytotoxicity and higher concentrations of IL-2, TNF-α, sFASL, and Granzyme B after treatment compared with Non-pCR patients. In contrast, in Non-pCR patients, the percentages of CD56
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