Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41751202›Full record

ReviewBiomedicines2026

The Immunological Role of Vitamin D in Primary Immunodeficiencies: A Narrative Review of the Current Literature.

Emanuela Zumbo, Federica Nuccio, Francesca Paladin, Giuseppe Murdaca, Sebastiano Gangemi

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biomedicines, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Emanuela ZumboSchool and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.
Federica NuccioSchool and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.ORCID 0009-0009-0974-4755
Francesca PaladinElderly and Disabled Department, San Paolo Hospital, 17100 Savona, Italy.
Giuseppe MurdacaDepartment of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132 Genova, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6403-6905
Sebastiano GangemiSchool and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble hormone essential for bone mineralization. In addition to this role, vitamin D is known for its immunomodulatory effects through its binding to intracellular vitamin D receptors (VDRs), which translocate to the nucleus of immune cells, including antigen-presenting cells (APC), B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and monocytes, thereby modulating the transcription of genes responsible for the immune response. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increased risk of developing infections and autoimmune diseases. The purpose of this review is to evaluate vitamin D deficiency in patients with primary immunodeficiency (CVID, XLA, DGS, APECED, SCID, WAS, HIES), to assess its clinical and therapeutic impact. Vitamin D deficiency, often asymptomatic, is associated with more severe clinical conditions in subjects with PID. It can be associated with osteoporosis, fractures, myelofibrosis and endocrine disorders such as hypocalcemia. These patients responded beneficially to calcitriol therapy, underscoring the need for long-term monitoring.

Indexed as

artificial intelligenceautoimmunitycalcitriollymphocytes Blymphocytes Tosteoporosisprimary immunodeficiencyVDRvitamin D

Identifiers

PMID41751202
PMCPMC12938306

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.