Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41750842›Full record

ArticleFoods (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Contribution of Protein, Starch, and Fiber Composition to the Prediction of Dough Rheology and Baking Quality in U.S. Hard Red Spring Wheat.

Yun Zhao, Emad Karrar, Jim Peterson, Shahidul Islam

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Yun ZhaoDepartment of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-1021-9224
Emad KarrarDepartment of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.
Jim PetersonNorth Dakota Wheat Commission, Mandan, ND 58554, USA.
Shahidul IslamDepartment of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5994-0521

Funding

National Institute of Food and Agriculture 7005543North Dakota Wheat Commission FAR0038016
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Wheat end-product quality results from complex interactions among protein, starch, and fiber, further complicated by genetic and environmental variability, especially in commercial samples composed of multiple varieties from diverse regions. Eighteen composite samples of hard red spring wheat (HRSW) were prepared from 755 field samples to simulate commercial grain blending. These composites were analyzed to evaluate the influence of flour composition on product quality. A wide range of flour compositional properties was analyzed and associated with dough and end-product quality traits, as measured by GlutoPeak, Rapid Visco Analyzer, Farinograph, Extensograph, Alveograph, and loaf baking. The results indicated that dough and bread quality are not determined by protein or gluten content alone, but that protein, starch and fiber composition and structural variations play a crucial role. Flours with higher proportions of high-molecular-weight glutenin (HMW-GS) fractions, particularly those rich in Bx and Ax subunits, exhibited greater dough resistance, mixing strength, and bread volume. In contrast, lower-performing samples were characterized by reduced HMW/LMW, polymeric/monomeric protein ratios, and HMW-Bx content. Multivariate modeling showed strong predictive performance for loaf volume (R

Indexed as

breadmaking qualitydough rheologyhard red spring wheathigh molecular weight gluteninmultivariate modelingprotein qualitystarch composition

Identifiers

PMID41750842
PMCPMC12939949

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.