SynthesisBiomolecules2026
Sexually Dimorphic Neuroimmune Pathways in Chronic Pain: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms.
Synthesis in Biomolecules, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sex-related analgesic responses to photobiomodulation therapy in rats with neuropathic pain.Lasers in medical science · 2026Article
- The Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Glia in Animal Models of Chronic Orofacial Pain: A Systematic Review.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026Review
- Opioid-Induced Constipation: Mechanistic Insights, Experimental Models, and Future Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- New insight into RNA biomarkers in neuropathic pain: a clinician-neuroscientist roadmap to translational testing and treatment monitoring a clinical review.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic pain is a highly prevalent and disabling condition with a well-documented female predominance in incidence, severity and persistence. These sex differences are driven by sexually dimorphic neuroimmune mechanisms rather than psychosocial factors alone. This systematic review was conducted to comprehensively synthesize human clinical and translational evidence on sex-specific neuroimmune and glial cell pathways underlying chronic pain. Scientific literature was systematically searched from database inception to December 2025 across multiple biomedical databases to identify relevant clinical and translational studies. Across pain conditions, convergent evidence demonstrated that chronic pain mechanisms diverge by sex at cellular and molecular levels. Male-predominant pathways were characterized by microglial activation, particularly P2X4 receptor-mediated signaling and brain-derived neurotrophic factor-dependent neuronal disinhibition, supported by neuroimaging, transcriptomic, and pharmacological data. In contrast, female-predominant mechanisms involved adaptive immune processes, including CD4
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.