Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41750283›Full record

ReviewBiomolecules2026

The Bone-Brain Axis: Novel Insights into the Bidirectional Crosstalk in Depression and Osteoporosis.

Pengpeng Li, Yangyang Gao, Xudong Zhao

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biomolecules, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Pengpeng LiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Northwest University Affiliated Xi'an Aerospace Hospital, Yanta District, Xi'an 710000, China .ORCID 0009-0008-4744-625X
Yangyang GaoDepartment of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
Xudong ZhaoWuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Depression and osteoporosis frequently co-occur, presenting a significant and increasing clinical challenge, especially among older adults. Growing research highlights the bone-brain axis, a complex bidirectional communication network connecting the skeletal and central nervous systems, as a central mechanism linking these conditions. This review comprehensively examines the current knowledge of the molecular and cellular pathways within this axis that contribute to depression-osteoporosis interactions. It details how depression promotes bone loss through sustained hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation, sympathetic nervous system overactivity, and chronic low-grade inflammation. This review also explores how bone-derived factors, including osteocalcin, lipocalin 2, and extracellular vesicles, cross the blood-brain barrier to influence brain function by regulating hippocampal neurogenesis, serotonin signaling, and neuroinflammation. This bidirectional communication is modulated by circadian rhythms and genetic factors. Understanding these pathways offers critical insights into the shared pathophysiology and reveals promising therapeutic targets. Interventions such as neuromodulation, customized exercise programs, and novel treatments focusing on bone-derived signals show potential for simultaneously addressing both mood disorders and bone health deterioration. This review emphasizes the need for an integrated system-based approach in clinical care that moves beyond traditional specialty-focused treatment to improve overall health outcomes, particularly for vulnerable elderly individuals.

Indexed as

Bone and BonesBrainDepressionOsteoporosisAnimalsHumansHypothalamo-Hypophyseal SystemLipocalin-2OsteocalcinPituitary-Adrenal SystemSignal TransductionLipocalin-2Osteocalcinbone–brain axisdepressionlipocalin-2neuroinflammationosteocalcinosteoporosis

Identifiers

PMID41750283
PMCPMC12938012

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.