Pandemic Babies: Developmental Outcomes in Preschool-Aged Children Born During the COVID-19 Era.

Sally Sade, Claudia L R Gonzalez, Robbin L Gibb

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Developmental outcomes in 4-year-old children born in the first COVID-19 lockdown in England: preliminary findings from the Born In COVID Year - Core Lockdown Effects (BICYCLE) study.Archives of disease in childhood · 2026
Observational

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Sally SadeCanadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-7039-0812

Claudia L R GonzalezCanadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-7338-9940

Robbin L GibbCanadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-7972-791X

Funding

CIHR CGS-MCity of Lethbridge - Family and Community Support Services 21-0010Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada RGPIN-2016-05266

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Early life experiences and the process of exploration play a vital role in shaping brain development and lifelong learning. In March 2020, population-wide restrictions were imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It remains to be determined whether having been raised under the global stress and restrictions of COVID-19 has influenced children's development as they enter formal schooling. The aim of this study was to examine the extent to which having more than 50% of one's first year of life and/or prenatal period in the COVID-19 era influences the developmental trajectory in preschool. The study compared 3- to 5-year-old children born before the pandemic (

Indexed as

COVID-19developmental domainsexecutive functionpandemicpre-pandemicpreschool

Identifiers

PMID41750118

DOI10.3390/bs16020309

PMCPMC12937897

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.