Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Imposter Phenomenon, and Identity Distress: The Mediating Indirect Effects of Self-Esteem, Social Camouflaging, and Social Media Connections.

Julie M Hall, Aubrianna L Stuckey, Steven L Berman

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Julie M HallDepartment of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Sanford, FL 32773, USA.ORCID 0009-0009-4361-1577

Aubrianna L StuckeyDepartment of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Sanford, FL 32773, USA.

Steven L BermanDepartment of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Sanford, FL 32773, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The previous literature has explored the various relationships among Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), identity distress, imposter phenomenon (IP), self-esteem, masking, and social media, but to our knowledge no studies have looked at all the variables together within in a single model. This study aimed to test the fit of a structural equation model (SEM) exploring the direct relationships between ADHD symptom severity, IP, identity distress and the mediating indirect effects of self-esteem, social camouflaging, and social media connections. Specifically, we tested if self-esteem, masking, and social media connections mediate the pathways between ADHD and IP and ADHD and identity distress. College students (

Indexed as

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorderidentity distressimposter phenomenonself-esteemsocial camouflaging

Identifiers

PMID41750022

DOI10.3390/bs16020213

PMCPMC12938192

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.