Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41750018›Full record

ArticleBehavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)2026

Bystanders' Intention to Intervene in a Street Harassment Scenario: The Effects of Personal and Situational Factors.

Leila I Vázquez-González, Ainara Nardi-Rodríguez, Andrés Sánchez-Prada, Carmen Delgado-Álvarez, Virginia Ferreiro-Basurto, Victoria A Ferrer-Pérez

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Leila I Vázquez-GonzálezFaculty of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8856-3032
Ainara Nardi-RodríguezDepartment of Behavioral Sciences and Health, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-3219-4973
Andrés Sánchez-PradaFaculty of Psychology, Pontifical University of Salamanca, 37002 Salamanca, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-6242-1236
Carmen Delgado-ÁlvarezFaculty of Psychology, Pontifical University of Salamanca, 37002 Salamanca, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-6757-6317
Virginia Ferreiro-BasurtoFaculty of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5925-7589
Victoria A Ferrer-PérezFaculty of Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8096-4031

Funding

Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades PID2019-104006RB-I00Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades PRE2020-096777
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Street harassment is a common form of gender-based violence against women. Bystanders are sometimes present when this violence occurs, yet there is limited literature on the factors influencing their decision to intervene. We conducted two cross-sectional studies to further explore this subject. Study 1 analyzes how personal variables (gender and political opinion), and situational variables (bystander effect and type of violence) influence the intention to respond. This study included an opportunity sample of 1563 people (79.4% women and 20.6% men) that filled out a sociodemographic data sheet, the Social Desirability Scale (SDC), and the Questionnaire of Intention to Help in VAW Cases (QIHVC). The results suggest that programs targeting women should focus on diminishing feelings of fear, while those aimed at men should stress fostering empathy toward victims. Study 2 explores correlates of bystander response intentions. This study involved an opportunity sample of 785 people (80.3% women and 19.7% men), completing the same instruments as in Study 1 and adding the Global Belief in a Just World Scale (GBJWS) and the Questionnaire on attitudes towards "piropos" (AP). The results suggest that feeling responsible may influence whether bystanders choose to intervene. These insights could be used to develop more effective training program frameworks.

Indexed as

bystander effectsexual violencestreet harassmentwitness

Identifiers

PMID41750018
PMCPMC12937757

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.