ArticleCancers2026
Allostatic Load Predicts Immune-Related Toxicity and Survival in Melanoma Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
Article in Cancers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The effects of allostatic load on patients undergoing surgery: a systematic review.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Pooled it
- Advancing precision immuno-oncology in melanoma: the synergistic convergence of personalized neoantigen vaccines and multi-omics biomarker profiling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHost physiological factors may influence immune response, treatment tolerance, and survival during immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Allostatic load (AL) summarizes cumulative physiological dysregulation across multiple biological systems. We evaluated whether pre-treatment AL is associated with immune-related toxicity and clinical outcomes among patients with advanced melanoma receiving ICIs.
methodsWe analyzed 399 patients with melanoma treated with ICIs at the University of Virginia Cancer Center (2013-2025). AL was derived from routinely collected clinical laboratory biomarkers measured prior to treatment initiation. Multinominal logistic and Cox regression models assessed associations between AL and immune-related adverse events (irAEs), treatment response, disease progression, and overall survival (OS), adjusting for demographic, clinical, and treatment factors.
resultsThe mean AL score was 4.43. Each 1-unit increase in AL was associated with higher odds of grade ≥ 2 toxicity (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.30; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08-1.57). Among patients who developed irAEs, higher AL was associated with poorer treatment response (adjusted OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.01-1.54) and increased risk of disease progression (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.14; 95% CI: 0.98-1.33). Higher AL was also associated with shorter OS, with a 26% higher mortality risk per 1-unit increase in AL (adjusted HR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.14-1.39).
conclusionsHigher pre-treatment AL was associated with increased immune-related toxicity and poorer survival in melanoma patients treated with ICIs. AL represents a feasible pre-treatment marker of host physiological vulnerability that may complement existing clinical predictors. Prospective studies are needed to validate these findings and assess clinical utility.
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