ArticleCancers2026
A Novel Mouse Model to Identify Antigen-Specific Immune Responses in Pancreatic Cancer Cachexia.
Article in Cancers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundPancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dismal five-year survival rate of 13% and is closely associated with cachexia. Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by irreversible wasting of skeletal muscles, fat loss and systemic inflammation. While cachexia is known to confer resistance to immune checkpoint inhibition in several cancers, the bidirectional relationship between cachexia and the immune system in PDAC remains unclear, necessitating the development of novel preclinical models. Our laboratory has characterized a novel pancreatic cancer cachexia model in C57BL/6J mice by utilizing the pancreatic cancer cell line called KPCL-4 derived from KPC-LSIY mice (
methodsKPCL-4 cells were orthotopically injected into the pancreas of male and female C57BL/6J mice and hallmarks of cachexia were assessed at endpoint by measurement of tumor weight, terminal tumor-adjusted body weight, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, liver and spleen masses, proteolytic markers and grip strength. Plasma cytokine and chemokine concentrations were quantified by Luminex assay and high-dimensional flow cytometry was used to investigate changes in tumor-infiltrating immune populations.
resultsWe observed a sex bias in cachexia presentation despite similar tumor weights in male and female mice, whereby males exhibited a >5% decrease in terminal tumor-adjusted body weight (
conclusionsThe KPCL-4 orthotopic PDAC model exhibits prominent hallmarks of cachexia and serves as a novel platform for investigating the complex interplay between cancer cachexia and immunomodulation.
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