Advancing Scoliosis Treatment with Patient-Specific Functionally Graded NiTi-SMA Rods: Key Considerations and Development Objectives.

Shiva Mohajerani, Alireza Behvar, Athena Jalalian, Ahu Celebi, Mohammad Elahinia

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Shiva MohajeraniMechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Department, The University of Toledo, 2801 Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0275-1150

Alireza BehvarMechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Department, The University of Toledo, 2801 Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-0336-0406

Athena JalalianDepartment of Design, Production, and Management, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0001-9829-7305

Ahu CelebiMechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Department, The University of Toledo, 2801 Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0401-5384

Mohammad ElahiniaMechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Department, The University of Toledo, 2801 Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3720-7067

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This review develops a materials-to-clinic framework for patient-specific, functionally graded (FG) NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) rods as a complementary paradigm for scoliosis correction that targets durable alignment with motion preservation. The article synthesizes the thermomechanical basis of NiTi (thermoelastic martensitic transformation, near constant superelastic plateau, and hysteretic damping) while leveraging additive manufacturing (AM) capabilities to spatially program transformation temperatures (e.g., A

Indexed as

additive manufacturingfunctionally graded structuresNiTi rodspatient-specific instrumentationscoliosis surgical treatmentshape memory alloys

Identifiers

PMID41749755

DOI10.3390/bioengineering13020216

PMCPMC12937634

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.