ArticleBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)2026
The Collapse of the Collagen Sponge Microstructure Triggers an Inflammatory Response of Macrophages via the
Article in Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Collagen sponges are widely used for oral tissue regeneration, due to their extracellular matrix-mimetic architecture and excellent biocompatibility. However, in practical biomedical applications, collagen sponges may exhibit hydration-induced structural instability, and there can be associated inflammatory responses under physiological conditions, potentially compromising their regenerative performance. In this study, we investigated how two cross-linking strategies-transglutaminase (TG) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS)-modulate the structural stability and inflammatory profiles of collagen sponges. TG-cross-linked sponges exhibited microstructural collapse, associated with macrophage activation and engagement of the Itgαvβ3/5-Src-RhoC-NF-κB signaling axis. In contrast, EDC/NHS-cross-linked sponges preserved a stable porous architecture, effectively suppressing this signaling cascade and establishing a low-inflammatory microenvironment. These findings elucidate a key mechanism by which cross-linking regulates the microstructural integrity of collagen scaffolds and provides in vitro-derived preliminary design principles for developing next-generation collagen biomaterials with low-inflammatory properties.
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