ArticleBioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)2026
The Effect of Thermocycling on the Microhardness of Contemporary Glass Ionomer-Based Restorative Materials: An In Vitro Study.
Article in Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glass ionomer-based restorative materials are widely used in pediatric dentistry because of their chemical adhesion to tooth structure, ion-releasing capacity, and clinical handling advantages; however, their mechanical durability under simulated oral aging conditions remains a critical factor influencing long-term clinical performance. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate and compare the surface microhardness of three contemporary glass ionomer-based restorative materials-Beautifil Bulk Restorative, EQUIA Forte HT, and Fuji II LC-before and after thermocycling. A total of 90 disc-shaped specimens (10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness) were prepared, with 30 samples allocated to each material group. Microhardness measurements were performed using the Vickers hardness test at baseline and after 10,000 thermocycling cycles between 5 °C and 55 °C to simulate intraoral aging. Results were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation, and statistical analyses were conducted using non-parametric tests. Thermocycling resulted in a statistically significant reduction in microhardness values for all tested materials (
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