Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41749515›Full record

ArticleCPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology2026

Population Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Zolpidem in Healthy Volunteers: Covariate Contributions to Variability in CNS Responses.

Hyun Chul Kim, Jung Sunwoo, Seonghae Yoon, In-Jin Jang, Jae-Yong Chung

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Hyun Chul KimDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-4780
Jung SunwooClinical Trials Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8801-0323
Seonghae YoonDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9438-0045
In-Jin JangDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8384-3139
Jae-Yong ChungDepartment of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4188-2786

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) modeling was used to explore covariate effects on zolpidem PKs and PDs in 30 healthy Korean volunteers (15 males, 15 females) who received a single 10 mg dose. The dataset included 325 PK observations and 388 observations each for the digit symbol substitution test (DSST), choice reaction time (CRT), and visual analog scale (VAS). A one-compartment PK model with transit compartment absorption and first-order elimination was developed, followed by sequential sigmoid E

Indexed as

Central Nervous SystemHypnotics and SedativesModels, BiologicalZolpidemAdultDose-Response Relationship, DrugFemaleHealthy VolunteersHumansMaleMiddle AgedReaction TimeYoung AdultHypnotics and SedativesZolpidempopulation pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic analysissex differenceszolpidem

Identifiers

PMID41749515
PMCPMC12945925

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.