Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41749492›Full record

Trial reportClinical pharmacology in drug development2026

Single-Dose Pharmacokinetic Assessment of TNX-102 SL (Cyclobenzaprine HCl Sublingual Tablets): Results From Randomized, Open-Label Studies in Healthy Volunteers.

Bruce L Daugherty, Bernd Meibohm, Gregory M Sullivan, Errol M Gould, Seth Lederman

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialComparative Study
In one paragraph

Trial report in Clinical pharmacology in drug development, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Bruce L DaughertyTonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Berkeley Heights, NJ, USA.
Bernd MeibohmUniversity of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
Gregory M SullivanTonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Berkeley Heights, NJ, USA.
Errol M GouldTonix Medicines, Inc, Berkeley Heights, NJ, USA.
Seth LedermanTonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Berkeley Heights, NJ, USA.

Funding

Tonix Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Daily oral cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride (HCl) has provided transient benefits in fibromyalgia, a chronic pain condition. To improve this effect, we evaluated sublingual formulations designed to drive transmucosal absorption. Two open-label studies evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PK), tolerability, and relative bioavailability of sublingual cyclobenzaprine HCl in healthy adults. In Study 1 (n = 24), three 2.8 mg sublingual formulations of cyclobenzaprine HCl containing potassium phosphate dibasic (A), sodium phosphate dibasic (B), or trisodium citrate (C) were compared to immediate release (IR) cyclobenzaprine HCl 5 mg. All sublingual formulations showed increased bioavailability (154% [A], 126% [B], and 125% [C]) and rapid absorption. Formulation A demonstrated the most favorable PK, with a ∼3 min absorption lag versus ∼37 min for oral IR, and a 783% higher dose-normalized AUC

Indexed as

AmitriptylineAdministration, OralAdministration, SublingualAdolescentAdultArea Under CurveBiological AvailabilityFemaleHealthy VolunteersHumansMaleMiddle AgedTabletsYoung AdultAmitriptylinecyclobenzaprineTabletscyclobenzaprinefibromyalgiasublingual

Identifiers

PMID41749492
PMCPMC12946586

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.