Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41749069›Full record

ArticleMagnetic resonance in medicine2026

Fat/Water Separation at 7 T Using a 3D Radial Sequence With Quasi-Continuous Echo Times.

Matthias Rohe, Katharina Tkotz, Armin M Nagel, Stefan Sommer, Max Brockmüller, Florian Knoll, Michael Uder, Nico Egger, Frederik B Laun, Tobias Wilferth

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Magnetic resonance in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Matthias RoheInstitute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0009-0005-5898-6241
Katharina TkotzInstitute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0847-2729
Armin M NagelInstitute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0948-1421
Stefan SommerSwiss Center for Musculoskeletal Imaging (SCMI), Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-3484-1679
Max BrockmüllerSiemens Healthineers AG, Erlangen, Germany.
Florian KnollDepartment Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering (AIBE), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5357-8656
Michael UderInstitute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6238-4247
Nico EggerInstitute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7092-1847
Frederik B LaunInstitute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9269-5609
Tobias WilferthInstitute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2520-9025

Funding

German Research Foundation (DFG) 500888779German Research Foundation (DFG) RU5534Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF) J123
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo achieve a reliable fat/water separation (FWS) at 7 T using a new 3D radial sequence and reconstruction workflow with quasi-continuous TE sampling.

methodsA 3D radial density-adapted sequence with quasi-continuous TE sampling was developed for a 7 T whole-body MRI system. The reconstruction workflow included an off-resonance correction to reduce chemical shift artifacts. Fat and water signals were separated using a graph cut algorithm, yielding proton density fat fraction maps. The sequence and reconstruction pipeline were tested and validated using phantom measurements and in vivo acquisitions of the lower leg of healthy volunteers.

resultsThe proposed sequence and reconstruction pipeline enabled sampling of the fat/water oscillation curve over a range from a minimal mean TE of 0.27 ms to a maximum mean TE of 10.13 ms, with an effective TE increment of 85 μs. The off-resonant correction significantly reduced chemical shift artifacts in the fat signal. The data points of the fat/water oscillation showed good agreement with a multi-peak fit function. The quantification of phantom fat percentages was verified with a mean absolute error of 1.5%. The proposed pipeline resulted in consistent interpretation of fat and water signals without any swaps, neither in phantom nor in in vivo measurements.

conclusionThis study successfully demonstrated the application of a 3D radial sequence with quasi-continuous TEs for FWS at 7 T. Due to the high sampling rate (effective TE increment below 100 μs), the presented FWS workflow demonstrated high robustness against fat/water swaps, which are typical at ultra-high field strengths.

Indexed as

Adipose TissueBody WaterImaging, Three-DimensionalMagnetic Resonance ImagingAdultAlgorithmsArtifactsFemaleHumansImage EnhancementImage Interpretation, Computer-AssistedLegMalePhantoms, ImagingReproducibility of ResultsWaterWater7 teslaDixon MRIfat/water separationproton density fat fractionquasi‐continuous TEradial sequence

Identifiers

PMID41749069
PMCPMC13156425

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.