Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41748930›Full record

ArticleNature materials2026

Key role of oxidizing species driving water oxidation revealed by time-resolved optical and X-ray spectroscopies.

Caiwu Liang, Lucas Garcia Verga, Benjamin Moss, Santosh Kumar, Soren B Scott, Mark A Turner, Pilar Ferrer, Veronica Celorrio, Dave C Grinter, Yemin Tao and 10 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Mechanistic Study of Glycerol Electro-Oxidation on Ni(OH)Journal of the American Chemical Society · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Caiwu LiangDepartment of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK. c.liang20@imperial.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7251-5212
Lucas Garcia VergaDepartment of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-238X
Benjamin MossDepartment of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London (White City Campus), London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5786-1587
Santosh KumarDiamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1352-9945
Soren B ScottDepartment of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1815-0141
Mark A TurnerDepartment of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-7911-243X
Pilar FerrerDiamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9807-7679
Veronica CelorrioDiamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2818-3844
Dave C GrinterDiamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6089-119X
Yemin TaoDepartment of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Sid HalderDepartment of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0002-7269-4323
Yifeng WangDepartment of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Cindy TsengDepartment of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Guangmeimei YangDepartment of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London (White City Campus), London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8623-024X
Georg HeldDiamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0726-4183
Sarah J HaighDepartment of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5509-6706
Aron WalshDepartment of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5460-7033
Ifan E L StephensDepartment of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK. i.stephens@imperial.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2157-492X
James R DurrantDepartment of Chemistry, Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London (White City Campus), London, UK. j.durrant@imperial.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8353-7345
Reshma R RaoDepartment of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK. reshma.rao@imperial.ac.uk.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6655-3105

Funding

EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020) 101017928 (HYSOLCHEM)RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/P025021/1RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/P025498/1RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/R00661X/1RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/S019367/1RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/S023259/1RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/W033232/1RCUK | Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) EP/X035859/1Royal Academy of Engineering R.R.R.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Oxidation states underpin the understanding of active states, reaction mechanisms and catalytic performance of electrocatalysts. However, determining them at complex solid-liquid interfaces is challenging. Here we use multimodal spectroscopy to investigate polarized iridium oxide (IrO

Identifiers

PMID41748930
PMCPMC13143823

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.