ArticleScientific reports2026
Association between ultraviolet-related TP53 mutations and immune microenvironment in equine ocular squamous cell carcinoma.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study investigates the molecular and immune characteristics of equine ocular squamous cell carcinoma (eoSCC). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were used to detect protein expression and TP53 mutations, respectively. T lymphocytes (CD3+), regulatory T cells (FoxP3+), B lymphocytes (CD20+), and macrophages (IBA-1+) were quantified. A total of 29 cases of eoSCC were evaluated, consisting of 3/29 carcinomas in situ (CISs) and 26/29 squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). p53 positivity by IHC was detected in 19/29 cases while by NGS, 21 TP53 mutations were found in 13/29 cases (44.83%), of which 18/21 were C > T base substitutions, typical of ultraviolet (UV)-induced DNA damage. In tumors with TP53 mutations, IBA-1⁺ macrophages were significantly increased (p = 0.001) and CD3⁺ T lymphocytes were also more abundant (p = 0.028) than in wild type TP53 cases, whereas CD20⁺ B lymphocytes and FoxP3⁺ regulatory T lymphocytes showed no significant differences. Equus caballus papillomavirus type 2 positivity was detected in 6/29 cases (20.69%) via in situ hybridization (ISH), but viral presence did not impact immune cell infiltration. Ki67 scores were higher in SCCs/CISs withTP53 mutations, but the difference was not statistically significant. Overall, TP53 mutations appear to contribute to eoSCC development, potentially as a consequence of UV-light exposure, and to influence immune cell infiltration.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.