Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41748874›Full record

ArticleNPJ digital medicine2026

Multicenter validation of AI-enabled ECG for pediatric biological sex prediction.

Donnchadh O'Sullivan, Joshua Mayourian, Scott Anjewierden, Kan Liu, Zachi Itzhak Attia, Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, Paul A Friedman, Tam Doan, Lance Patterson, Jennifer Dugan and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in NPJ digital medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Donnchadh O'Sullivan *Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. donnchadhosull@gmail.com.
Joshua Mayourian *Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Scott AnjewierdenMayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Kan LiuMayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Zachi Itzhak AttiaMayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Francisco Lopez-JimenezMayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Paul A FriedmanDepartment of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Tam DoanDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Lance PattersonDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Jennifer DuganMayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Jonathan N JohnsonMayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Santiago ValdesDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Daniel J PennyDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
John K TriedmanDepartment of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Jeffrey J KimDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Talha NiazMayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
Shaine A MorrisDepartment of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Malini MadhavanMayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Biological sex is closely linked to patterns embedded within the electrocardiogram (ECG) with essential health and disease implications. We report multicenter verification of an AI-enabled ECG model to predict biological sex across pediatric development. A previously published Mayo Clinic model confirmed puberty-linked AUROC gradient during external validation at Texas Children's Hospital (pre-puberty AUROC 0.64, peri-puberty AUROC 0.84, post-puberty AUROC 0.94). This phenomenon was replicated at Boston Children's Hospital. Saliency mapping revealed established sex-related electrophysiologic patterns.

Identifiers

PMID41748874
PMCPMC13062150

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.