Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41748858›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Scalable flow synthesis of ultrasmall inorganic nanoparticles for biomedical applications via a confined impinging jet mixer.

Andrea C Kian, Mahima Gupta, Heeju Hong, Kálery La Luz Rivera, Nil Pandey, Katherine J Mossburg, Derick N Rosario-Berrios, Portia S N Maidment, Andrew R Hanna, Priyash Singh and 6 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Andrea C KianDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Mahima GuptaDepartment of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Heeju HongDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Kálery La Luz RiveraDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Nil PandeyDepartment of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Katherine J MossburgDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Derick N Rosario-BerriosDepartment of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Portia S N MaidmentDepartment of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Andrew R HannaDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Priyash SinghDepartment of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Zhenting XiangDivisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Jay KikkawaDepartment of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
David IssadoreDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Andrew D A MaidmentDepartment of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Hyun KooDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
David P CormodeDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. david.cormode@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.

Funding

Biofilm Elimination and Caries Prevention using Multifunctional NanocatalystsR01DE025848 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI KOO, HYUN · 2017 to 2025
$5.6M
Silver Telluride Nanoparticle Dual-Energy Mammography Contrast Agents For Breast Cancer ScreeningR01CA291880 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI David Peter Cormode · 2025 to 2026
$1.2M
Cerium oxide nanoparticles for CT imaging and catalytic therapeutic intervention in inflammatory bowel diseaseR01EB036942 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI David Peter Cormode · 2025 to 2026
$1.1M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA291880NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB036942NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE025848NIH HHS R01-DE025848NIH HHS R01-EB036942
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Ultrasmall inorganic nanoparticles (sub-5 nm) have unique biomedical advantages due to rapid clearance, enhanced imaging contrast, and potent therapeutic properties. However, current synthesis methods are limited by low throughput, polydispersity, and reliance on harsh conditions such as organic solvents or high temperatures. We report a scalable, single-step aqueous synthesis using a confined impinging jet mixer (CIJM) that produces size-controlled, clinically relevant nanoparticles, including silver sulfide, silver telluride, cerium oxide, and iron oxide, under ambient conditions. The resulting nanoparticles are homogeneous, stable, and preserve their functional biological properties. We demonstrate consistent performance across scales, establishing the CIJM as a versatile and reproducible method for producing ultrasmall inorganic nanoparticles suitable for clinical translation and high-throughput biomedical applications.

Indexed as

NanoparticlesCeriumFerric CompoundsParticle SizeSilver CompoundsTelluriumceric oxideCeriumFerric Compoundsferric oxideSilver Compoundssilver sulfideTelluriumCerium oxideIron oxideMicrofluidicsNanoparticlesSilver sulfideSilver telluride

Identifiers

PMID41748858
PMCPMC13047052

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.