ArticleAesthetic plastic surgery2026
A Validated Assessment Scale for the Auriculocephalic Angle in Asians.
Article in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe auriculocephalic angle, a key determinant of the facial outline, varies significantly across populations and plays a pivotal role in aesthetic preferences. In the East Asian population, larger auriculocephalic angles are associated with positive attributes, while smaller angles disrupt facial proportions, leading to visual distortions akin to the Ebbinghaus illusion. Despite its importance, objective tools for assessing this angle remain limited.
objectiveTo develop and validate the Imeik Lying Ears Severity Scale (ILESS), a standardized photonumeric scale for the evaluation of the auriculocephalic angle.
methodsA photography database of 96 participants was created using standardized 2D photography protocols. The ILESS scale, spanning grades 0-4, was developed and validated via digital assessments of 12 experts across two sessions and live evaluations by six experts using a total of 158 ears. Statistical analyses included intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and weighted Cohen's kappa for inter- and intra-rater reliability.
resultsDigital validation across both sessions showed excellent inter-rater reliability (ICC: 0.90; weighted kappa: 0.89-0.90), while live validation confirmed strong agreement (ICC: 0.82-0.85; weighted kappa: 0.82-0.85). Intra-rater reliability consistently exceeded ICC and kappa values of 0.89, indicating high reproducibility.
conclusionThe ILESS scale offers a robust and versatile tool for the standardized assessment of auriculocephalic angles. Its validation in digital and live settings underscores its applicability in clinical practice and research. The ILESS scale sets a new benchmark in aesthetic evaluation, supporting precise treatment planning and advancing evidence-based aesthetic medicine. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.