Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41748699›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Robust high-capacity free-space optical communication using OAM-based structured light and intelligent adaptive signal processing.

Muhammad Ahmad, Babar Hayat, Ming Fang, Chao Wang, Guoda Xie, Zhixiang Huang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Muhammad AhmadThe Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
Babar HayatSchool of Information Engineering, Xi'an Eurasia University, Xi'an, 710065, Shaanxi, China.
Ming FangThe Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
Chao WangThe Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
Guoda XieThe Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
Zhixiang HuangThe Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Signal Processing, Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China. zxhuang@ahu.edu.cn.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 2022YFA1404003, U23A20290, 62201003, 62101002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Free-space optical (FSO) communication enables high-speed, secure, and bandwidth-efficient data transmission for terrestrial and inter-satellite networks, outperforming traditional radio frequency (RF) systems in interference immunity and directional security. Atmospheric turbulence (AT), which causes beam distortion, intensity fading, and intermodal interference, remains a significant limitation for long-distance links. Existing approaches, such as Gaussian beam transmission, static equalization, and basic convolutional models, fail to provide real-time, adaptive resilience to these challenges. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes a novel hybrid FSO framework combining resilient structured light beams (Bessel, Airy, and orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes), adaptive optics (AO), and intelligent signal processing. A Dynamic Neural Fuzzy Inference System (DNFIS) provides robust equalization, and a Deep Convolutional Neural Network with Time-domain Correlation Sequence Generation (DCNN-TCSGm) predicts and compensates for turbulence effects in real time. Furthermore, the framework models compact optical metasurface-based OAM multiplexing combined with Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) in the mid-infrared range to enhance spectral and spatial throughput. Simulation results demonstrate a 55% reduction in Bit Error Rate (BER), a 22% improvement in signal voltage stability, and up to 10 dB power gain over conventional Mode Division Multiplexing (MDM)-FSO and Decision Feedback Equalizer (DFE) systems, highlighting the proposed framework's robustness and scalability under challenging atmospheric conditions.

Identifiers

PMID41748699
PMCPMC12988195

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.