Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41748678›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

A fractional-order vaccination model to analyze the dynamics of Mpox Clade I and II with real data.

Muhammad Altaf Khan, Mahmoud H DarAssi, S Tasqeeruddin, A K Alzahrani, Samaruddin Jebran, Nurulfiza Mat Isa

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Muhammad Altaf KhanLaboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Mahmoud H DarAssiDepartment of Basic Sciences, Princess Sumaya University for Technology, Amman, 11941, Jordan.
S TasqeeruddinDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
A K AlzahraniDepartment of Mathematics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Samaruddin JebranFaculty of Mathematics, Kabul University, Kabul, Afghanistan. jebran.samardin@ku.edu.af.
Nurulfiza Mat IsaLaboratory of Vaccine and Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

Funding

King Khalid University GRP/36/46
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A fractional vaccination model for monkeypox infection with two strains, based on real data, is proposed. We consider monkeypox case data for the period January 1, 2025, to July 31, 2025. The model is first formulated using an integer-order derivative and then extended to a fractional-order derivative. It is shown that the fractional model exists and has a unique solution. Equilibrium points are obtained, and their stability is analyzed; the model is found to be locally asymptotically stable whenever [Formula: see text]. Multiple equilibria are identified, and under certain conditions, the existence of a positive endemic equilibrium and the possibility of backward bifurcation are demonstrated. A nonlinear least-squares approach is used for the estimation of model parameters, and sensitivity analysis identifies parameters with high potential for disease control. The numerical values estimated for the parameters give [Formula: see text]. A numerical scheme is proposed to accurately solve the two-strain mpox model, and graphical results illustrate how disease elimination can be achieved based on the fractional-order parameter and contact rates.

Indexed as

Mpox, MonkeypoxVaccinationHumansModels, Theoretical

Identifiers

PMID41748678
PMCPMC13043716

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.