Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41748629›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

TREM1-PET imaging maps whole-body innate immune responses in a mouse model of metastatic melanoma.

Irene N Falk, Aisling M Chaney, Rohit Verma, Renesmee C Kuo, Samantha Reyes, Mackenzie Carlson, Mausam Kalita, Carmen Azevedo, Isaac M Jackson, Jonathan Green and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Irene N FalkDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Aisling M ChaneyDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Rohit VermaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Renesmee C KuoDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Samantha ReyesDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Mackenzie CarlsonDepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Mausam KalitaDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Carmen AzevedoDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Isaac M JacksonDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Jonathan GreenDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Israt S AlamDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Andrew TranDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Ayush PantDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Emily M DealDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Michael LimDepartment of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Michelle L JamesDepartment of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. mljames@stanford.edu.

Funding

NCI NIH HHS R01/CA286998-02NINDS NIH HHS U54/CA261717
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Poor treatment response in brain metastases is largely attributed to anti-tumor T-cell suppression through the modulation of tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs), resulting in immune evasion. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM1) is a membrane receptor highly expressed on TAMCs that is associated with poor clinical outcomes and of interest as a potential imaging biomarker of myeloid cell function, prognosis, and treatment response. Here we evaluate TREM1-targeted positron emission tomography (PET) tracer, [64Cu]TREM1-mAb, for TAMC detection in a murine model of intracranial metastatic melanoma. Forty-eight hours after tracer administration, PET imaging revealed significantly higher [64Cu]TREM1-mAb signal in implanted tumors compared to contralateral brain parenchyma or sham brains. Ex vivo gamma counting and autoradiography confirmed significantly elevated, tumor-localized signal, while markedly lower uptake with [64Cu]-isotype control-mAb confirmed tracer specificity. Similar patterns were seen in the lymphoid organs, including bone marrow and spleen. Flow cytometry confirmed TREM1 expression in myeloid cells alone in brain and spleen. We conclude that [64Cu]TREM1-mAb is a promising PET tracer for the detection of increased TREM1+ myeloid cells in the tumor microenvironment and peripheral tissues.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsImmunity, InnateMelanomaPositron-Emission TomographyTriggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1AnimalsAntibodies, MonoclonalCell Line, TumorCopper RadioisotopesDisease Models, AnimalMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMyeloid CellsAntibodies, MonoclonalCopper RadioisotopesTREM1 protein, mouseTriggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells-1Brain metastasesPositron-emission tomography (PET)Triggering receptor on myeloid cells-1 (TREM1)Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)Tumor-associated myeloid cells (TAMCs)Tumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID41748629
PMCPMC13046965

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.